Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8)

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LATEST VERSION OF THE WMO-No. 8

GUIDE TO INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
(WMO-No. 8), 2021/2018 edition

Translated versions in Arabic, Chinese, French, Spanish and Russian are available from the WMO Library.

(Note: Previous editions of the WMO-No. 8 are available from WMO Library by sending a request to library(at)wmo.int.)

VOLUME I	MEASUREMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES
Chapter 1	General
Chapter 2	Measurement of temperature
Chapter 3	Measurement of atmospheric pressure
Chapter 4	Measurement of humidity
Chapter 5	Measurement of surface wind
Chapter 6	Measurement of precipitation
Chapter 7	Measurement of radiation
Chapter 8	Measurement of sunshine duration
Chapter 9	Measurement of visibility
Chapter 10	Measurement of evaporation
Chapter 11	Measurement of soil moisture
Chapter 12	Measurement of upper-air pressure, temperature and humidity
Chapter 13	Measurement of upper wind
Chapter 14	Observation of present and past weather; state of the ground
Chapter 15	Observation and measurement of clouds
Chapter 16	Measurement of atmospheric composition
VOLUME II	MEASUREMENT OF CRYOSPHERIC VARIABLES
Chapter 1	General
Chapter 2	Measurement of snow
Chapter 3	Measurement of glaciers
VOLUME III	OBSERVING SYSTEMS
Chapter 1	Measurements at automatic weather stations
Chapter 2	Measurements and observations at aeronautical meteorological stations
Chapter 3	Aircraft based observations
Chapter 4	Marine observation
Chapter 5	Special profiling techniques for the boundary layer and the troposphere
Chapter 6	Electromagnetic methods of lightning detection
Chapter 7	Radar measurements
Chapter 8	Balloon techniques
Chapter 9	Urban observations
Chapter 10	Road meteorological measurement
VOLUME IV	SPACE-BASED OBSERVATIONS
Chapter 1	Introduction
Chapter 2	Principles of Earth observation from space
Chapter 3	Remote-sensing instruments
Chapter 4	Satellite programmes
Chapter 5	Space-based observation of geophysical variables
Chapter 6	Calibration and validation
Chapter 7	Cross-cutting issues
VOLUME V	QUALITY ASSURANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF OBSERVING SYSTEMS
Chapter 1	Quality Management
Chapter 2	Sampling meteorological variables
Chapter 3	Data reduction
Chapter 4	Testing, calibration and intercomparison
Chapter 5	Training of instrument specialists